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Chemical Sensors 2013, 3: 18
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Research Article
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Detection of clinically important cations by a pillar[5]arene-modified electrochemical sensor
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Lorraine E. Dube, Bhavik Anil Patel, Aidan Fagan-Murphy, Raghu R. Kothur, Peter J. Cragg
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School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
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Abstract |
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1,4-Dimethoxypillar[5]arene (1,4-DMP[5]A) was incorporated into graphite-epoxy composite electrodes and shown to give an enhanced response to clinically important Na+ and K+ over other simple cations. Electrode selectivity, sensitivity, stability and reproducibility were determined. The mechanism behind selectivity was investigated using computational simulations which indicated that Li+, Rb+ and Cs+ exist as solvated cations outside, or at the opening to, the macrocycle whereas Na+ and K+ are bound within the macrocyclic cavity. Simulations suggest that 1,4-DMP[5]A has a higher binding affinity for K+ over Na+. This was confirmed experimentally by stripping cations from the electrodes; Na+ was released in 6 s and K+ in 36 s. Accurate K+ detection by the composite electrodes was only possible above 8 mM but Na+ could be detected across the entire physiologically relevant concentration range.
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Keywords |
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Pillar[5]arene; Electrochemistry; Alkali metal; Sensor
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